In the wake of frequent gold-shop robberies in recent months, precautionary measures are being taken at the initiative of shopkeepers across the country with advice from local police.

The most interesting idea is the simulation of a robbery at a Phitsanulok firing range, where an entire gold shop is being built, to help shopkeepers find ways to deter crime and even engage in gunfights with the thieves - if necessary.

Suwat Phanujate, head of a body governing all 40 gold shops in the central province, said owners and staff had been armed and were conducting target practice with the help of local police.

Sirens and emergency lights have also been installed at the front of the shops to alert the public or nearby police on patrol. Suwat said he would install glass windows between staff and customers to minimise the risks of robbers physically assaulting his employees.

In Nakhon Sawan, a gold-shop owner uses a trained guard dog to attack anyone who crosses the safety line dividing the private areas reserved for authorised personnel and service areas in the shop space.

Shopkeeper Wiroj Wongsakorn said that to keep his pet dog Pumpkin from being overly stressed out by his task, he had attached a small radio to the dog's collar. He said the trick worked well as Pumpkin seemed "relaxed" while it also entertained his clients.

In Suphan Buri, most gold shops have fitted stylish grilles between areas for customers and staff to prevent robbers approaching them. Many other shops are following suit.

However, the use of grilles is dismissed by owners in Songkhla's Hat Yai district. One said grilles would make him uncomfortable with clients and could backfire by slowing staff in giving chase.

In Khon Kaen, local police have made paperwork easier for shopkeepers to obtain and carry firearms, while providing free firing lessons to them and their staff.

One woman said she would not be carrying her husband's pistol until she had "learnt how to shoot better".